@prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix owl: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix ex: . @prefix kgclass: . @prefix kgprop: . rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:versionInfo "2.0.0" ; dcterms:description "A knowledge graph representing concepts and relationships in Valuation, Risk Management, Macroeconomics, Technical Analysis, Emerging Trends, and LLM Optimization." ; dcterms:modified "2025-04-01T20:59:15Z"^^xsd:dateTime . # Class Definitions kgclass:Analysis_Tool rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Analysis Tool" . kgclass:Asset_Category rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Asset Category" . kgclass:Assessment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Assessment" . kgclass:Assumption rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Assumption" . kgclass:Assumption_Parametric rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Assumption (Parametric)" . kgclass:Balance_Sheet_Item rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Balance Sheet Item" . kgclass:Calculated_Flow rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Calculated Flow" . kgclass:Calculated_Rate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Calculated Rate" . kgclass:Calculated_Value rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Calculated Value" . kgclass:Cash_Flow_Item rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Cash Flow Item" . kgclass:Classification rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Classification" . kgclass:Company rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Company" . kgclass:Company_Set rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Company Set" . kgclass:Consensus_Mechanism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Consensus Mechanism" . kgclass:Core_Technology rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Core Technology" . kgclass:Coverage_Ratio rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Coverage Ratio" . kgclass:Credit_Derivative rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Credit Derivative" . kgclass:Credit_Model_Category rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Credit Model Category" . kgclass:Credit_Risk_Metric rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Credit Risk Metric" . kgclass:Credit_Risk_Mitigation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Credit Risk Mitigation" . kgclass:Cryptocurrency_Category rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Cryptocurrency Category" . kgclass:Cryptocurrency_Proof_or_Stake rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Cryptocurrency (Proof-of-Stake)" . kgclass:Cryptocurrency_Proof_or_Work rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Cryptocurrency (Proof-of-Work)" . kgclass:Cryptocurrency_Type rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Cryptocurrency Type" . kgclass:Crypto_Exchange_Example rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Crypto Exchange Example" . kgclass:Data_Store_External_Memory rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Data Store (External Memory)" . kgclass:DeFi_Application rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DeFi Application" . kgclass:DeFi_Ecosystem rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Financial Ecosystem" . kgclass:DeFi_Mechanism rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DeFi Mechanism" . kgclass:DeFi_Risk rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DeFi Risk" . kgclass:DeFi_Strategy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DeFi Strategy" . kgclass:DEX_Protocol_Example rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DEX Protocol Example" . kgclass:Empirical_Credit_Model rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Empirical Credit Model" . kgclass:Entity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Entity" . kgclass:Equity_Data rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Equity Data" . kgclass:Equity_Metric rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Equity Metric" . kgclass:Equity_Multiple rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Equity Multiple" . kgclass:ESG_Pillar rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ESG Pillar" . kgclass:ESG_Rating_Agency_Example rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ESG Rating Agency Example" . kgclass:ESG_Reporting_Framework rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ESG Reporting Framework" . kgclass:Environmental_Factor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Environmental Factor" . kgclass:EV_Multiple rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "EV Multiple" . kgclass:Financial_Ecosystem rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Financial Ecosystem" . kgclass:Financial_Instrument rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Financial Instrument" . kgclass:Financial_Market rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Financial Market" . kgclass:Financial_Metric rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Financial Metric" . kgclass:Financial_Model rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Financial Model" . kgclass:Framework rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Framework" . kgclass:Funding_Category rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Funding Category" . kgclass:Funding_Need rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Funding Need" . kgclass:Governance_Factor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Governance Factor" . kgclass:Hyperparameter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Hyperparameter" . kgclass:Hyperparameter_Category rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Hyperparameter Category" . kgclass:Hyperparameter_Search_Method rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Hyperparameter Search Method" . kgclass:Income_Statement_Item rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Income Statement Item" . kgclass:Indicator_Signal rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Indicator Signal" . kgclass:Information_Management rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Information Management" . kgclass:Institution rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Institution" . kgclass:Intrinsic_Valuation_Method rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Intrinsic Valuation Method" . kgclass:Investment_Approach rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Investment Approach" . kgclass:LLM_Architecture rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "LLM Architecture" . kgclass:LLM_Architecture_Component rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "LLM Architecture Component" . kgclass:LLM_Capability_or_Challenge rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "LLM Capability/Challenge" . kgclass:LLM_Constraint rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "LLM Constraint" . kgclass:LLM_Parameter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "LLM Parameter" . kgclass:LLM_Process rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "LLM Process" . kgclass:Lending_Protocol_Example rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Lending Protocol Example" . kgclass:Leverage_Ratio rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Leverage Ratio" . kgclass:Liquidity_Ratio rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Liquidity Ratio" . kgclass:Liquidity_Risk_Type rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Liquidity Risk Type" . kgclass:Macroeconomic_Policy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Macroeconomic Policy" . kgclass:Market_Data rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Market Data" . kgclass:Market_Expectation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Market Expectation" . kgclass:Market_Factor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Market Factor" . kgclass:Market_Liquidity_Indicator rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Market Liquidity Indicator" . kgclass:Market_or_Estimated_Data rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Market/Estimated Data" . kgclass:Market_Rate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Market Rate" . kgclass:Memory_Augmentation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "External Memory" . kgclass:Memory_Technique rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Memory Technique" . kgclass:Memory_Type rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Memory Type" . kgclass:Model_Configuration rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Model Configuration" . kgclass:Monetary_Policy_Tool rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Monetary Policy Tool" . kgclass:Momentum_Oscillator rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Momentum Oscillator" . kgclass:Moving_Average_Type rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Moving Average Type" . kgclass:Non_Cash_Expense rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Non-Cash Expense" . kgclass:Operational_Liquidity_Metric rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Operational Liquidity Metric" . kgclass:Optimization_Algorithm rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Optimization Algorithm" . kgclass:Optimization_Algorithm_Variant rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Optimization Algorithm Variant" . kgclass:Optimization_Process rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Optimization Process" . kgclass:Optimization_Technique rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Optimization Technique" . kgclass:Parameter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Parameter" . kgclass:Parameter_Historical rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Parameter (Historical)" . kgclass:Parameter_Monte_Carlo rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Parameter (Monte Carlo)" . kgclass:Parameter_Reduced_Form rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Parameter (Reduced Form)" . kgclass:Policy_Objective rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Policy Objective" . kgclass:Policy_Stance rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Policy Stance" . kgclass:Portfolio_Credit_Model rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Portfolio Credit Model" . kgclass:Process rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Process" . kgclass:Process_PoS rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Process (PoS)" . kgclass:Process_PoW rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Process (PoW)" . kgclass:Rate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Rate" . kgclass:Regulatory_Liquidity_Metric rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Regulatory Liquidity Metric" . kgclass:Relative_Valuation_Method rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Relative Valuation Method" . kgclass:Representation_Technique rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Representation Technique" . kgclass:Risk_Assessment_Method rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Risk Assessment Method" . kgclass:Risk_Category rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Risk Category" . kgclass:Risk_Challenge rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Risk/Challenge" . kgclass:Risk_Concept rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Risk Concept" . kgclass:Risk_Metric rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Risk Metric" . kgclass:SRI_Screening_Type rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SRI Screening Type" . kgclass:Social_Factor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Social Factor" . kgclass:Stablecoin_Example rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Stablecoin Example" . kgclass:Statistical_Concept rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Statistical Concept" . kgclass:Storage_Method rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Storage Method" . kgclass:Structural_Credit_Model rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Structural Credit Model" . kgclass:Supply_Mechanism_Event rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Supply Mechanism Event" . kgclass:Support_or_Resistance_Tool rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Support/Resistance Tool" . kgclass:Sustainable_Strategy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Sustainable Strategy" . kgclass:Technical_Analysis_Method rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Technical Analysis Method" . kgclass:Text_Unit rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Token" . kgclass:Token_Type rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Token Type" . kgclass:Trading_Phase rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Training Phase" . kgclass:Trading_Venue rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Trading Venue" . kgclass:Trend_Indicator rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Trend Indicator" . kgclass:Trend_or_Momentum_Indicator rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Trend/Momentum Indicator" . kgclass:Trend_Strength_Indicator rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Trend Strength Indicator" . kgclass:Unconventional_Tool rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Unconventional Tool" . kgclass:Validation_Method rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Validation Method" . kgclass:Valuation_Adjustment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Valuation Adjustment" . kgclass:Valuation_Component rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Valuation Component" . kgclass:Valuation_Output rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Valuation Output" . kgclass:VaR_Method rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "VaR Method" . kgclass:Volatility_Indicator rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Volatility Indicator" . kgclass:Volume_Indicator rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Volume Indicator" . kgclass:Wallet_Type rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Wallet Type" . # Property Definitions kgprop:addressed_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "addressed_by" . kgprop:aims_for rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "aims_for" . kgprop:assessed_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "assessed_by" . kgprop:assigned_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "assigned_by" . kgprop:assumes rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "assumes" . kgprop:assumes_distribution_of rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "assumes_distribution_of" . kgprop:augmented_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "augmented_by" . kgprop:calculated_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "calculated_by" . kgprop:calculated_for rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "calculated_for" . kgprop:calculated_from rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "calculated_from" . kgprop:calculates rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "calculates" . kgprop:can_show rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "can_show" . kgprop:can_use rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "can_use" . kgprop:challenged_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "challenged_by" . kgprop:complement_of rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "complement_of" . kgprop:component_of rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "component_of" . kgprop:correlates_with rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "correlates_with" . kgprop:depends_on rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "depends_on" . kgprop:derives_from_historical rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "derives_from_historical" . kgprop:derived_by_subtracting rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "derived_by_subtracting" . kgprop:enabled_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "enabled_by" . kgprop:enables_strategy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "enables_strategy" . kgprop:encoded_in rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "encoded_in" . kgprop:estimated_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "estimated_by" . kgprop:evaluated_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "evaluated_by" . kgprop:example_is rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "example_is" . kgprop:has_type rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has_type" . kgprop:identifies_potential rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "identifies_potential" . kgprop:implemented_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "implemented_by" . kgprop:implemented_via rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "implemented_via" . kgprop:includes rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "includes" . kgprop:includes_application rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "includes_application" . kgprop:includes_asset rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "includes_asset" . kgprop:includes_category rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "includes_category" . kgprop:includes_phase rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "includes_phase" . kgprop:includes_type rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "includes_type" . kgprop:indicated_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "indicated_by" . kgprop:influenced_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "influenced_by" . kgprop:influences rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "influences" . kgprop:involves rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "involves" . kgprop:involves_lowering rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "involves_lowering" . kgprop:involves_raising rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "involves_raising" . kgprop:is_equivalent_to rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is_equivalent_to" . kgprop:is_typically rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is_typically" . kgprop:leads_to rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "leads_to" . kgprop:limited_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "limited_by" . kgprop:managed_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "managed_by" . kgprop:may_involve rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "may_involve" . kgprop:may_use_framework rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "may_use_framework" . kgprop:measured_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "measured_by" . kgprop:measured_in rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "measured_in" . kgprop:measures rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "measures" . kgprop:mitigated_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "mitigated_by" . kgprop:often_involves rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "often_involves" . kgprop:often_makes rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "often_makes" . kgprop:often_uses rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "often_uses" . kgprop:optimizes rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "optimizes" . kgprop:optimized_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "optimized_by" . kgprop:parameterized_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "parameterized_by" . kgprop:performs rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "performs" . kgprop:processed_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "processed_by" . kgprop:produced_by rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "produced_by" . kgprop:reflects rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "reflects" . kgprop:related_to rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "related_to" . kgprop:requires rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "requires" . kgprop:requires_data_from rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "requires_data_from" . kgprop:runs_on rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "runs_on" . kgprop:selected_based_on rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "selected_based_on" . kgprop:signals rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "signals" . kgprop:simulates rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "simulates" . kgprop:stored_in rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "stored_in" . kgprop:stores rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "stores" . kgprop:subject_to rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "subject_to" . kgprop:subject_to_risk_of rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "subject_to_risk_of" . kgprop:sum_of rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "sum_of" . kgprop:traded_on rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "traded_on" . kgprop:underestimates rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "underestimates" . kgprop:uses rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "uses" . kgprop:uses_consensus rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "uses_consensus" . kgprop:uses_data_from rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "uses_data_from" . kgprop:uses_hyperparameter rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "uses_hyperparameter" . kgprop:uses_method rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "uses_method" . kgprop:uses_storage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "uses_storage" . kgprop:uses_tool rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "uses_tool" . kgprop:uses_weight_of rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "uses_weight_of" . kgprop:values rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "values" . kgprop:variant_is rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "variant_is" . # Individuals and their Properties ex:dcf rdf:type kgclass:Intrinsic_Valuation_Method ; rdfs:label "Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)" . ex:ufcf rdf:type kgclass:Financial_Metric ; rdfs:label "Unlevered Free Cash Flow (UFCF)" . ex:discount_rate rdf:type kgclass:Rate ; rdfs:label "Discount Rate" . ex:wacc rdf:type kgclass:Calculated_Rate ; rdfs:label "Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)" . ex:terminal_value rdf:type kgclass:Valuation_Component ; rdfs:label "Terminal Value" . ex:present_value rdf:type kgclass:Calculated_Value ; rdfs:label "Present Value" . ex:enterprise_value rdf:type kgclass:Valuation_Output ; rdfs:label "Enterprise Value (EV)" . ex:equity_value rdf:type kgclass:Valuation_Output ; rdfs:label "Equity Value" . ex:implied_share_price rdf:type kgclass:Valuation_Output ; rdfs:label "Implied Share Price" . ex:net_debt rdf:type kgclass:Balance_Sheet_Item ; rdfs:label "Net Debt" . ex:shares_outstanding rdf:type kgclass:Equity_Data ; rdfs:label "Shares Outstanding" . ex:ebit rdf:type kgclass:Income_Statement_Item ; rdfs:label "Earnings Before Interest & Taxes (EBIT)" . ex:tax_rate rdf:type kgclass:Parameter ; rdfs:label "Tax Rate" . ex:d_And_a rdf:type kgclass:Non_Cash_Expense ; rdfs:label "Depreciation & Amortization" . ex:capex rdf:type kgclass:Cash_Flow_Item ; rdfs:label "Capital Expenditures" . ex:change_nwc rdf:type kgclass:Cash_Flow_Item ; rdfs:label "Change in Net Working Capital" . ex:terminal_growth_rate rdf:type kgclass:Assumption ; rdfs:label "Terminal Growth Rate" . ex:exit_multiple rdf:type kgclass:Assumption ; rdfs:label "Exit Multiple" . ex:cost_of_equity rdf:type kgclass:Calculated_Rate ; rdfs:label "Cost of Equity (Re)" . ex:cost_of_debt rdf:type kgclass:Rate ; rdfs:label "Cost of Debt (Rd)" . ex:market_value_equity rdf:type kgclass:Market_Data ; rdfs:label "Market Value of Equity (E)" . ex:market_value_debt rdf:type kgclass:Market_or_Estimated_Data ; rdfs:label "Market Value of Debt (D)" . ex:total_capital rdf:type kgclass:Calculated_Value ; rdfs:label "Total Capital (V = E+D)" . ex:capm rdf:type kgclass:Financial_Model ; rdfs:label "Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)" . ex:risk_free_rate rdf:type kgclass:Market_Rate ; rdfs:label "Risk-Free Rate (Rf)" . ex:beta rdf:type kgclass:Risk_Metric ; rdfs:label "Beta (β)" . ex:market_risk_premium rdf:type kgclass:Market_Expectation ; rdfs:label "Market Risk Premium (MRP)" . ex:comparables rdf:type kgclass:Relative_Valuation_Method ; rdfs:label "Comparable Company Analysis (CCA)" . ex:precedent_transactions rdf:type kgclass:Relative_Valuation_Method ; rdfs:label "Precedent Transaction Analysis" . ex:pe_ratio rdf:type kgclass:Equity_Multiple ; rdfs:label "Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E)" . ex:ev_ebitda rdf:type kgclass:EV_Multiple ; rdfs:label "Enterprise Value to EBITDA" . ex:ev_sales rdf:type kgclass:EV_Multiple ; rdfs:label "Enterprise Value to Sales" . ex:price_to_book rdf:type kgclass:Equity_Multiple ; rdfs:label "Price-to-Book Ratio (P/B)" . ex:price_to_sales rdf:type kgclass:Equity_Multiple ; rdfs:label "Price-to-Sales Ratio (P/S)" . ex:dividend_yield rdf:type kgclass:Equity_Metric ; rdfs:label "Dividend Yield" . ex:peer_group rdf:type kgclass:Company_Set ; rdfs:label "Peer Group" . ex:target_company rdf:type kgclass:Company ; rdfs:label "Target Company" . ex:industry_sector rdf:type kgclass:Classification ; rdfs:label "Industry Sector" . ex:market_sentiment rdf:type kgclass:Market_Factor ; rdfs:label "Market Sentiment" . ex:control_premium rdf:type kgclass:Valuation_Adjustment ; rdfs:label "Control Premium" . ex:financial_ratios rdf:type kgclass:Analysis_Tool ; rdfs:label "Financial Ratios" . ex:debt_to_equity rdf:type kgclass:Leverage_Ratio ; rdfs:label "Debt-to-Equity Ratio" . ex:interest_coverage_ratio rdf:type kgclass:Coverage_Ratio ; rdfs:label "Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR)" . ex:debt_to_ebitda rdf:type kgclass:Leverage_Ratio ; rdfs:label "Debt-to-EBITDA Ratio" . ex:net_debt_to_ebitda rdf:type kgclass:Leverage_Ratio ; rdfs:label "Net Debt-to-EBITDA Ratio" . ex:current_ratio rdf:type kgclass:Liquidity_Ratio ; rdfs:label "Current Ratio" . ex:quick_ratio rdf:type kgclass:Liquidity_Ratio ; rdfs:label "Quick Ratio (Acid Test)" . ex:cash_ratio rdf:type kgclass:Liquidity_Ratio ; rdfs:label "Cash Ratio" . ex:debt_to_assets rdf:type kgclass:Leverage_Ratio ; rdfs:label "Debt-to-Assets Ratio" . ex:total_debt rdf:type kgclass:Balance_Sheet_Item ; rdfs:label "Total Debt" . ex:total_equity rdf:type kgclass:Balance_Sheet_Item ; rdfs:label "Total Equity" . ex:interest_expense rdf:type kgclass:Income_Statement_Item ; rdfs:label "Interest Expense" . ex:ebitda rdf:type kgclass:Financial_Metric ; rdfs:label "EBITDA" . ex:current_assets rdf:type kgclass:Balance_Sheet_Item ; rdfs:label "Current Assets" . ex:current_liabilities rdf:type kgclass:Balance_Sheet_Item ; rdfs:label "Current Liabilities" . ex:inventories rdf:type kgclass:Balance_Sheet_Item ; rdfs:label "Inventories" . ex:cash_equivalents rdf:type kgclass:Balance_Sheet_Item ; rdfs:label "Cash & Cash Equivalents" . ex:total_assets rdf:type kgclass:Balance_Sheet_Item ; rdfs:label "Total Assets" . ex:var rdf:type kgclass:Risk_Metric ; rdfs:label "Value at Risk (VaR)" . ex:historical_simulation_var rdf:type kgclass:VaR_Method ; rdfs:label "Historical Simulation VaR" . ex:monte_carlo_var rdf:type kgclass:VaR_Method ; rdfs:label "Monte Carlo Simulation VaR" . ex:parametric_var rdf:type kgclass:VaR_Method ; rdfs:label "Parametric VaR" . ex:confidence_level rdf:type kgclass:Parameter ; rdfs:label "Confidence Level" . ex:time_horizon rdf:type kgclass:Parameter ; rdfs:label "Time Horizon" . ex:lookback_period rdf:type kgclass:Parameter_Historical ; rdfs:label "Lookback Period" . ex:num_simulations rdf:type kgclass:Parameter_Monte_Carlo ; rdfs:label "Number of Simulations" . ex:portfolio_return_dist rdf:type kgclass:Statistical_Concept ; rdfs:label "Portfolio Return Distribution" . ex:normality_assumption rdf:type kgclass:Assumption_Parametric ; rdfs:label "Normality Assumption" . ex:cvar rdf:type kgclass:Risk_Metric ; rdfs:label "Conditional VaR (Expected Shortfall)" . ex:tail_risk rdf:type kgclass:Risk_Concept ; rdfs:label "Tail Risk" . ex:backtesting rdf:type kgclass:Validation_Method ; rdfs:label "VaR Backtesting" . ex:credit_risk rdf:type kgclass:Risk_Category ; rdfs:label "Credit Risk" . ex:pd rdf:type kgclass:Credit_Risk_Metric ; rdfs:label "Probability of Default (PD)" . ex:lgd rdf:type kgclass:Credit_Risk_Metric ; rdfs:label "Loss Given Default (LGD)" . ex:ead rdf:type kgclass:Credit_Risk_Metric ; rdfs:label "Exposure at Default (EAD)" . ex:expected_loss rdf:type kgclass:Credit_Risk_Metric ; rdfs:label "Expected Loss (EL)" . ex:unexpected_loss rdf:type kgclass:Credit_Risk_Metric ; rdfs:label "Unexpected Loss (UL)" . ex:credit_var rdf:type kgclass:Risk_Metric ; rdfs:label "Credit VaR" . ex:recovery_rate rdf:type kgclass:Credit_Risk_Metric ; rdfs:label "Recovery Rate (RR)" . ex:merton_model rdf:type kgclass:Structural_Credit_Model ; rdfs:label "Merton Model" . ex:kmv_model rdf:type kgclass:Structural_Credit_Model ; rdfs:label "KMV Model" . ex:altman_z_score rdf:type kgclass:Empirical_Credit_Model ; rdfs:label "Altman Z-Score" . ex:creditmetrics_model rdf:type kgclass:Portfolio_Credit_Model ; rdfs:label "CreditMetrics™ Model" . ex:logistic_regression_scoring rdf:type kgclass:Empirical_Credit_Model ; rdfs:label "Logistic Regression Scoring" . ex:reduced_form_model rdf:type kgclass:Credit_Model_Category ; rdfs:label "Reduced Form Credit Model" . ex:hazard_rate rdf:type kgclass:Parameter_Reduced_Form ; rdfs:label "Hazard Rate" . ex:credit_rating rdf:type kgclass:Assessment ; rdfs:label "Credit Rating" . ex:rating_agency rdf:type kgclass:Entity ; rdfs:label "Rating Agency (S&P, Moody's, Fitch)" . ex:collateral rdf:type kgclass:Credit_Risk_Mitigation ; rdfs:label "Collateral" . ex:covenants rdf:type kgclass:Credit_Risk_Mitigation ; rdfs:label "Covenants" . ex:credit_derivatives rdf:type kgclass:Financial_Instrument ; rdfs:label "Credit Derivatives" . ex:cds rdf:type kgclass:Credit_Derivative ; rdfs:label "Credit Default Swap (CDS)" . ex:liquidity_risk rdf:type kgclass:Risk_Category ; rdfs:label "Liquidity Risk" . ex:funding_liquidity_risk rdf:type kgclass:Liquidity_Risk_Type ; rdfs:label "Funding Liquidity Risk" . ex:market_liquidity_risk rdf:type kgclass:Liquidity_Risk_Type ; rdfs:label "Market Liquidity Risk" . ex:lcr rdf:type kgclass:Regulatory_Liquidity_Metric ; rdfs:label "Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR)" . ex:nsfr rdf:type kgclass:Regulatory_Liquidity_Metric ; rdfs:label "Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR)" . ex:hqla rdf:type kgclass:Asset_Category ; rdfs:label "High-Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA)" . ex:net_cash_outflows_30d rdf:type kgclass:Calculated_Flow ; rdfs:label "Net Cash Outflows (30-day stress)" . ex:available_stable_funding rdf:type kgclass:Funding_Category ; rdfs:label "Available Stable Funding (ASF)" . ex:required_stable_funding rdf:type kgclass:Funding_Need ; rdfs:label "Required Stable Funding (RSF)" . ex:cash_conversion_cycle rdf:type kgclass:Operational_Liquidity_Metric ; rdfs:label "Cash Conversion Cycle" . ex:bid_ask_spread rdf:type kgclass:Market_Liquidity_Indicator ; rdfs:label "Bid-Ask Spread" . ex:market_depth rdf:type kgclass:Market_Liquidity_Indicator ; rdfs:label "Market Depth" . ex:trading_volume rdf:type kgclass:Market_Liquidity_Indicator ; rdfs:label "Trading Volume" . ex:liquidity_stress_testing rdf:type kgclass:Risk_Assessment_Method ; rdfs:label "Liquidity Stress Testing" . ex:monetary_policy rdf:type kgclass:Macroeconomic_Policy ; rdfs:label "Monetary Policy" . ex:central_bank rdf:type kgclass:Institution ; rdfs:label "Central Bank" . ex:policy_interest_rate rdf:type kgclass:Monetary_Policy_Tool ; rdfs:label "Policy Interest Rate" . ex:reserve_requirements rdf:type kgclass:Monetary_Policy_Tool ; rdfs:label "Reserve Requirements" . ex:omo rdf:type kgclass:Monetary_Policy_Tool ; rdfs:label "Open Market Operations (OMO)" . ex:qe rdf:type kgclass:Unconventional_Tool ; rdfs:label "Quantitative Easing (QE)" . ex:qt rdf:type kgclass:Unconventional_Tool ; rdfs:label "Quantitative Tightening (QT)" . ex:forward_guidance rdf:type kgclass:Unconventional_Tool ; rdfs:label "Forward Guidance" . ex:inflation_target rdf:type kgclass:Policy_Objective ; rdfs:label "Inflation Target" . ex:employment_mandate rdf:type kgclass:Policy_Objective ; rdfs:label "Employment Mandate" . ex:expansionary_stance rdf:type kgclass:Policy_Stance ; rdfs:label "Expansionary Stance" . ex:contractionary_stance rdf:type kgclass:Policy_Stance ; rdfs:label "Contractionary Stance" . ex:technical_indicators rdf:type kgclass:Technical_Analysis_Method ; rdfs:label "Technical Indicators" . ex:ma rdf:type kgclass:Trend_Indicator ; rdfs:label "Moving Average (MA)" . ex:sma rdf:type kgclass:Moving_Average_Type ; rdfs:label "Simple Moving Average (SMA)" . ex:ema rdf:type kgclass:Moving_Average_Type ; rdfs:label "Exponential Moving Average (EMA)" . ex:macd rdf:type kgclass:Trend_or_Momentum_Indicator ; rdfs:label "MACD" . ex:rsi rdf:type kgclass:Momentum_Oscillator ; rdfs:label "Relative Strength Index (RSI)" . ex:bollinger_bands rdf:type kgclass:Volatility_Indicator ; rdfs:label "Bollinger Bands" . ex:stochastic_oscillator rdf:type kgclass:Momentum_Oscillator ; rdfs:label "Stochastic Oscillator" . ex:adx rdf:type kgclass:Trend_Strength_Indicator ; rdfs:label "Average Directional Index (ADX)" . ex:obv rdf:type kgclass:Volume_Indicator ; rdfs:label "On-Balance Volume (OBV)" . ex:fibonacci_retracements rdf:type kgclass:Support_or_Resistance_Tool ; rdfs:label "Fibonacci Retracements" . ex:overbought rdf:type kgclass:Indicator_Signal ; rdfs:label "Overbought Condition" . ex:oversold rdf:type kgclass:Indicator_Signal ; rdfs:label "Oversold Condition" . ex:divergence rdf:type kgclass:Indicator_Signal ; rdfs:label "Divergence" . ex:defi rdf:type kgclass:Financial_Ecosystem ; rdfs:label "Decentralized Finance (DeFi)" . ex:blockchain rdf:type kgclass:Core_Technology ; rdfs:label "Blockchain" . ex:smart_contract rdf:type kgclass:Core_Technology ; rdfs:label "Smart Contract" . ex:dex rdf:type kgclass:DeFi_Application ; rdfs:label "Decentralized Exchange (DEX)" . ex:uniswap rdf:type kgclass:DEX_Protocol_Example ; rdfs:label "Uniswap" . ex:lending_protocol rdf:type kgclass:DeFi_Application ; rdfs:label "DeFi Lending Protocol" . ex:aave rdf:type kgclass:Lending_Protocol_Example ; rdfs:label "Aave" . ex:compound rdf:type kgclass:Lending_Protocol_Example ; rdfs:label "Compound" . ex:stablecoin rdf:type kgclass:Cryptocurrency_Type ; rdfs:label "Stablecoin" . ex:usdc rdf:type kgclass:Stablecoin_Example ; rdfs:label "USD Coin (USDC)" . ex:yield_farming rdf:type kgclass:DeFi_Strategy ; rdfs:label "Yield Farming" . ex:liquidity_pool rdf:type kgclass:DeFi_Mechanism ; rdfs:label "Liquidity Pool" . ex:impermanent_loss rdf:type kgclass:DeFi_Risk ; rdfs:label "Impermanent Loss" . ex:defi_governance rdf:type kgclass:Process ; rdfs:label "DeFi Governance" . ex:governance_token rdf:type kgclass:Token_Type ; rdfs:label "Governance Token" . ex:crypto_markets rdf:type kgclass:Financial_Market ; rdfs:label "Cryptocurrency Markets" . ex:bitcoin rdf:type kgclass:Cryptocurrency_Proof_or_Work ; rdfs:label "Bitcoin (BTC)" . ex:ethereum rdf:type kgclass:Cryptocurrency_Proof_or_Stake ; rdfs:label "Ethereum (ETH)" . ex:altcoin rdf:type kgclass:Cryptocurrency_Category ; rdfs:label "Altcoin" . ex:proof_of_work rdf:type kgclass:Consensus_Mechanism ; rdfs:label "Proof-of-Work (PoW)" . ex:proof_of_stake rdf:type kgclass:Consensus_Mechanism ; rdfs:label "Proof-of-Stake (PoS)" . ex:crypto_exchange rdf:type kgclass:Trading_Venue ; rdfs:label "Cryptocurrency Exchange" . ex:coinbase rdf:type kgclass:Crypto_Exchange_Example ; rdfs:label "Coinbase" . ex:binance rdf:type kgclass:Crypto_Exchange_Example ; rdfs:label "Binance" . ex:crypto_wallet rdf:type kgclass:Storage_Method ; rdfs:label "Cryptocurrency Wallet" . ex:hot_wallet rdf:type kgclass:Wallet_Type ; rdfs:label "Hot Wallet" . ex:cold_wallet rdf:type kgclass:Wallet_Type ; rdfs:label "Cold Wallet (Hardware Wallet)" . ex:mining rdf:type kgclass:Process_PoW ; rdfs:label "Cryptocurrency Mining" . ex:staking rdf:type kgclass:Process_PoS ; rdfs:label "Cryptocurrency Staking" . ex:halving rdf:type kgclass:Supply_Mechanism_Event ; rdfs:label "Bitcoin Halving" . ex:sustainable_investing rdf:type kgclass:Investment_Approach ; rdfs:label "Sustainable Investing" . ex:esg_criteria rdf:type kgclass:Framework ; rdfs:label "ESG Criteria" . ex:environmental_factors rdf:type kgclass:ESG_Pillar ; rdfs:label "Environmental Factors" . ex:social_factors rdf:type kgclass:ESG_Pillar ; rdfs:label "Social Factors" . ex:governance_factors rdf:type kgclass:ESG_Pillar ; rdfs:label "Governance Factors" . ex:climate_change rdf:type kgclass:Environmental_Factor ; rdfs:label "Climate Change" . ex:labor_practices rdf:type kgclass:Social_Factor ; rdfs:label "Labor Practices" . ex:board_diversity rdf:type kgclass:Governance_Factor ; rdfs:label "Board Diversity" . ex:esg_integration rdf:type kgclass:Sustainable_Strategy ; rdfs:label "ESG Integration" . ex:sri_screening rdf:type kgclass:Sustainable_Strategy ; rdfs:label "Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) Screening" . ex:negative_screening rdf:type kgclass:SRI_Screening_Type ; rdfs:label "Negative Screening" . ex:positive_screening rdf:type kgclass:SRI_Screening_Type ; rdfs:label "Positive Screening (Best-in-Class)" . ex:impact_investing rdf:type kgclass:Sustainable_Strategy ; rdfs:label "Impact Investing" . ex:esg_rating_agency rdf:type kgclass:Entity ; rdfs:label "ESG Rating Agency" . ex:msci_esg rdf:type kgclass:ESG_Rating_Agency_Example ; rdfs:label "MSCI ESG" . ex:sustainalytics rdf:type kgclass:ESG_Rating_Agency_Example ; rdfs:label "Sustainalytics" . ex:sasb rdf:type kgclass:ESG_Reporting_Framework ; rdfs:label "SASB Standards" . ex:gri rdf:type kgclass:ESG_Reporting_Framework ; rdfs:label "GRI Standards" . ex:greenwashing rdf:type kgclass:Risk_Challenge ; rdfs:label "Greenwashing" . ex:context_window rdf:type kgclass:LLM_Constraint ; rdfs:label "LLM Context Window" . ex:token rdf:type kgclass:Text_Unit ; rdfs:label "Token" . ex:tokenization rdf:type kgclass:LLM_Process ; rdfs:label "Tokenization" . ex:attention_mechanism rdf:type kgclass:LLM_Architecture_Component ; rdfs:label "Attention Mechanism" . ex:transformer_model rdf:type kgclass:LLM_Architecture ; rdfs:label "Transformer Model" . ex:context_length_limit rdf:type kgclass:LLM_Parameter ; rdfs:label "Context Length Limit" . ex:sliding_window_attn rdf:type kgclass:Context_Extension_Technique ; rdfs:label "Sliding Window Attention" . ex:sparse_attention rdf:type kgclass:Context_Extension_Technique ; rdfs:label "Sparse Attention" . ex:context_retrieval rdf:type kgclass:Information_Management ; rdfs:label "Context Retrieval" . ex:llm_memory rdf:type kgclass:LLM_Capability_or_Challenge ; rdfs:label "LLM Memory" . ex:short_term_memory rdf:type kgclass:Memory_Type ; rdfs:label "Short-Term Memory (Context Window)" . ex:long_term_memory rdf:type kgclass:Memory_Type ; rdfs:label "Long-Term Memory (Parametric Knowledge)" . ex:external_memory rdf:type kgclass:Memory_Augmentation ; rdfs:label "External Memory" . ex:rag rdf:type kgclass:Memory_Technique ; rdfs:label "Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)" . ex:vector_database rdf:type kgclass:Data_Store_External_Memory ; rdfs:label "Vector Database" . ex:knowledge_graph_kg rdf:type kgclass:Data_Store_External_Memory ; rdfs:label "Knowledge Graph" . ex:embedding rdf:type kgclass:Representation_Technique ; rdfs:label "Text Embedding" . ex:information_retrieval rdf:type kgclass:Process ; rdfs:label "Information Retrieval" . ex:memory_compression rdf:type kgclass:Optimization_Technique ; rdfs:label "Memory Compression" . ex:parameter_tuning rdf:type kgclass:Optimization_Process ; rdfs:label "LLM Parameter Tuning" . ex:hyperparameter rdf:type kgclass:Model_Configuration ; rdfs:label "Hyperparameter" . ex:learning_rate rdf:type kgclass:Hyperparameter ; rdfs:label "Learning Rate" . ex:batch_size rdf:type kgclass:Hyperparameter ; rdfs:label "Batch Size" . ex:num_epochs rdf:type kgclass:Hyperparameter ; rdfs:label "Number of Epochs" . ex:model_architecture_params rdf:type kgclass:Hyperparameter_Category ; rdfs:label "Model Architecture Parameters" . ex:regularization_params rdf:type kgclass:Hyperparameter_Category ; rdfs:label "Regularization Parameters" . ex:gradient_descent rdf:type kgclass:Optimization_Algorithm ; rdfs:label "Gradient Descent" . ex:adam_optimizer rdf:type kgclass:Optimization_Algorithm_Variant ; rdfs:label "Adam Optimizer" . ex:grid_search rdf:type kgclass:Hyperparameter_Search_Method ; rdfs:label "Grid Search" . ex:random_search rdf:type kgclass:Hyperparameter_Search_Method ; rdfs:label "Random Search" . ex:bayesian_optimization rdf:type kgclass:Hyperparameter_Search_Method ; rdfs:label "Bayesian Optimization" . ex:fine_tuning rdf:type kgclass:Training_Phase ; rdfs:label "Fine-Tuning" . ex:pre_training rdf:type kgclass:Training_Phase ; rdfs:label "Pre-Training" . # Relationships (Edges) ex:dcf kgprop:uses ex:ufcf . ex:dcf kgprop:uses ex:discount_rate . ex:dcf kgprop:calculates ex:terminal_value . ex:ufcf kgprop:calculated_from ex:ebit . ex:ufcf kgprop:calculated_from ex:tax_rate . ex:ufcf kgprop:calculated_from ex:d_And_a . ex:ufcf kgprop:calculated_from ex:capex . ex:ufcf kgprop:calculated_from ex:change_nwc . ex:discount_rate kgprop:is_typically ex:wacc . ex:wacc kgprop:depends_on ex:cost_of_equity . ex:wacc kgprop:depends_on ex:cost_of_debt . ex:wacc kgprop:uses_weight_of ex:market_value_equity . ex:wacc kgprop:uses_weight_of ex:market_value_debt . ex:wacc kgprop:uses ex:tax_rate . ex:market_value_equity kgprop:component_of ex:total_capital . ex:market_value_debt kgprop:component_of ex:total_capital . ex:cost_of_equity kgprop:calculated_by ex:capm . ex:capm kgprop:uses ex:risk_free_rate . ex:capm kgprop:uses ex:beta . ex:capm kgprop:uses ex:market_risk_premium . ex:terminal_value kgprop:can_use ex:terminal_growth_rate . ex:terminal_value kgprop:can_use ex:exit_multiple . ex:dcf kgprop:calculates ex:present_value . ex:present_value kgprop:calculated_for ex:ufcf . ex:present_value kgprop:calculated_for ex:terminal_value . ex:present_value kgprop:uses ex:discount_rate . ex:dcf kgprop:calculates ex:enterprise_value . ex:enterprise_value kgprop:sum_of ex:present_value . ex:enterprise_value kgprop:leads_to ex:equity_value . ex:equity_value kgprop:derived_by_subtracting ex:net_debt . ex:equity_value kgprop:leads_to ex:implied_share_price . ex:implied_share_price kgprop:uses ex:shares_outstanding . ex:comparables kgprop:uses ex:pe_ratio . ex:comparables kgprop:uses ex:ev_ebitda . ex:comparables kgprop:uses ex:ev_sales . ex:comparables kgprop:uses ex:price_to_book . ex:comparables kgprop:uses ex:price_to_sales . ex:comparables kgprop:uses ex:dividend_yield . ex:comparables kgprop:requires ex:peer_group . ex:peer_group kgprop:selected_based_on ex:industry_sector . ex:peer_group kgprop:compared_to ex:target_company . ex:comparables kgprop:values ex:target_company . ex:comparables kgprop:influenced_by ex:market_sentiment . ex:precedent_transactions kgprop:uses ex:ev_ebitda . ex:precedent_transactions kgprop:uses ex:ev_sales . ex:precedent_transactions kgprop:requires_data_from ex:peer_group . ex:precedent_transactions kgprop:reflects ex:control_premium . ex:financial_ratios kgprop:includes ex:debt_to_equity . ex:financial_ratios kgprop:includes ex:interest_coverage_ratio . ex:financial_ratios kgprop:includes ex:debt_to_ebitda . ex:financial_ratios kgprop:includes ex:net_debt_to_ebitda . ex:financial_ratios kgprop:includes ex:current_ratio . ex:financial_ratios kgprop:includes ex:quick_ratio . ex:financial_ratios kgprop:includes ex:cash_ratio . ex:financial_ratios kgprop:includes ex:debt_to_assets . ex:debt_to_equity kgprop:calculated_from ex:total_debt . ex:debt_to_equity kgprop:calculated_from ex:total_equity . ex:interest_coverage_ratio kgprop:calculated_from ex:ebit . ex:interest_coverage_ratio kgprop:calculated_from ex:interest_expense . ex:debt_to_ebitda kgprop:calculated_from ex:total_debt . ex:debt_to_ebitda kgprop:calculated_from ex:ebitda . ex:net_debt_to_ebitda kgprop:calculated_from ex:total_debt . ex:net_debt_to_ebitda kgprop:calculated_from ex:cash_equivalents . ex:net_debt_to_ebitda kgprop:calculated_from ex:ebitda . ex:current_ratio kgprop:calculated_from ex:current_assets . ex:current_ratio kgprop:calculated_from ex:current_liabilities . ex:quick_ratio kgprop:calculated_from ex:current_assets . ex:quick_ratio kgprop:calculated_from ex:inventories . ex:quick_ratio kgprop:calculated_from ex:current_liabilities . ex:cash_ratio kgprop:calculated_from ex:cash_equivalents . ex:cash_ratio kgprop:calculated_from ex:current_liabilities . ex:debt_to_assets kgprop:calculated_from ex:total_debt . ex:debt_to_assets kgprop:calculated_from ex:total_assets . ex:var kgprop:calculated_by ex:historical_simulation_var . ex:var kgprop:calculated_by ex:monte_carlo_var . ex:var kgprop:calculated_by ex:parametric_var . ex:var kgprop:parameterized_by ex:confidence_level . ex:var kgprop:parameterized_by ex:time_horizon . ex:historical_simulation_var kgprop:uses ex:lookback_period . ex:historical_simulation_var kgprop:derives_from_historical ex:portfolio_return_dist . ex:monte_carlo_var kgprop:uses ex:num_simulations . ex:monte_carlo_var kgprop:simulates ex:portfolio_return_dist . ex:parametric_var kgprop:assumes_distribution_of ex:portfolio_return_dist . ex:parametric_var kgprop:often_makes ex:normality_assumption . ex:var kgprop:related_to ex:cvar . ex:cvar kgprop:measures ex:tail_risk . ex:var kgprop:underestimates ex:tail_risk . ex:var kgprop:evaluated_by ex:backtesting . ex:credit_risk kgprop:component_of ex:pd . ex:credit_risk kgprop:component_of ex:lgd . ex:credit_risk kgprop:component_of ex:ead . ex:credit_risk kgprop:measured_by ex:expected_loss . ex:credit_risk kgprop:measured_by ex:unexpected_loss . ex:expected_loss kgprop:calculated_from ex:pd . ex:expected_loss kgprop:calculated_from ex:lgd . ex:expected_loss kgprop:calculated_from ex:ead . ex:lgd kgprop:complement_of ex:recovery_rate . ex:unexpected_loss kgprop:related_to ex:credit_var . ex:pd kgprop:estimated_by ex:merton_model . ex:pd kgprop:estimated_by ex:kmv_model . ex:pd kgprop:indicated_by ex:altman_z_score . ex:pd kgprop:estimated_by ex:logistic_regression_scoring . ex:pd kgprop:estimated_by ex:reduced_form_model . ex:reduced_form_model kgprop:uses ex:hazard_rate . ex:credit_risk kgprop:assessed_by ex:credit_rating . ex:credit_rating kgprop:assigned_by ex:rating_agency . ex:credit_rating kgprop:correlates_with ex:pd . ex:credit_risk kgprop:mitigated_by ex:collateral . ex:credit_risk kgprop:mitigated_by ex:covenants . ex:credit_risk kgprop:mitigated_by ex:credit_derivatives . ex:credit_derivatives kgprop:includes ex:cds . ex:liquidity_risk kgprop:includes_type ex:funding_liquidity_risk . ex:liquidity_risk kgprop:includes_type ex:market_liquidity_risk . ex:liquidity_risk kgprop:measured_by ex:lcr . ex:liquidity_risk kgprop:measured_by ex:nsfr . ex:liquidity_risk kgprop:measured_by ex:cash_conversion_cycle . ex:market_liquidity_risk kgprop:indicated_by ex:bid_ask_spread . ex:market_liquidity_risk kgprop:indicated_by ex:market_depth . ex:market_liquidity_risk kgprop:indicated_by ex:trading_volume . ex:lcr kgprop:uses ex:hqla . ex:lcr kgprop:uses ex:net_cash_outflows_30d . ex:nsfr kgprop:uses ex:available_stable_funding . ex:nsfr kgprop:uses ex:required_stable_funding . ex:liquidity_risk kgprop:assessed_by ex:liquidity_stress_testing . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:implemented_by ex:central_bank . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:uses_tool ex:policy_interest_rate . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:uses_tool ex:reserve_requirements . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:uses_tool ex:omo . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:uses_tool ex:qe . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:uses_tool ex:qt . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:uses_tool ex:forward_guidance . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:aims_for ex:inflation_target . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:aims_for ex:employment_mandate . ex:expansionary_stance kgprop:involves_lowering ex:policy_interest_rate . ex:expansionary_stance kgprop:may_involve ex:qe . ex:contractionary_stance kgprop:involves_raising ex:policy_interest_rate . ex:contractionary_stance kgprop:may_involve ex:qt . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:influences ex:inflation . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:influences ex:interest_rates . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:influences ex:economic_growth . ex:monetary_policy kgprop:influences ex:unemployment_rate . ex:technical_indicators kgprop:includes ex:ma . ex:technical_indicators kgprop:includes ex:macd . ex:technical_indicators kgprop:includes ex:rsi . ex:technical_indicators kgprop:includes ex:bollinger_bands . ex:technical_indicators kgprop:includes ex:stochastic_oscillator . ex:technical_indicators kgprop:includes ex:adx . ex:technical_indicators kgprop:includes ex:obv . ex:technical_indicators kgprop:includes ex:fibonacci_retracements . ex:ma kgprop:has_type ex:sma . ex:ma kgprop:has_type ex:ema . ex:rsi kgprop:signals ex:overbought . ex:rsi kgprop:signals ex:oversold . ex:rsi kgprop:can_show ex:divergence . ex:stochastic_oscillator kgprop:signals ex:overbought . ex:stochastic_oscillator kgprop:signals ex:oversold . ex:stochastic_oscillator kgprop:can_show ex:divergence . ex:macd kgprop:can_show ex:divergence . ex:bollinger_bands kgprop:measures ex:volatility . ex:adx kgprop:measures ex:trend_strength . ex:obv kgprop:uses ex:trading_volume . ex:fibonacci_retracements kgprop:identifies_potential ex:support_level . ex:fibonacci_retracements kgprop:identifies_potential ex:resistance_level . ex:defi kgprop:runs_on ex:blockchain . ex:defi kgprop:uses ex:smart_contract . ex:defi kgprop:includes_application ex:dex . ex:defi kgprop:includes_application ex:lending_protocol . ex:defi kgprop:often_uses ex:stablecoin . ex:dex kgprop:example_is ex:uniswap . ex:lending_protocol kgprop:example_is ex:aave . ex:lending_protocol kgprop:example_is ex:compound . ex:stablecoin kgprop:example_is ex:usdc . ex:defi kgprop:enables_strategy ex:yield_farming . ex:yield_farming kgprop:often_involves ex:liquidity_pool . ex:liquidity_pool kgprop:subject_to_risk_of ex:impermanent_loss . ex:defi_protocol kgprop:managed_by ex:defi_governance . ex:defi_governance kgprop:uses ex:governance_token . ex:crypto_markets kgprop:includes_asset ex:bitcoin . ex:crypto_markets kgprop:includes_asset ex:ethereum . ex:crypto_markets kgprop:includes_category ex:altcoin . ex:bitcoin kgprop:uses_consensus ex:proof_of_work . ex:ethereum kgprop:uses_consensus ex:proof_of_stake . ex:proof_of_work kgprop:involves ex:mining . ex:proof_of_stake kgprop:involves ex:staking . ex:crypto_markets kgprop:traded_on ex:crypto_exchange . ex:crypto_exchange kgprop:example_is ex:coinbase . ex:crypto_exchange kgprop:example_is ex:binance . ex:bitcoin kgprop:stored_in ex:crypto_wallet . ex:crypto_wallet kgprop:has_type ex:hot_wallet . ex:crypto_wallet kgprop:has_type ex:cold_wallet . ex:bitcoin kgprop:subject_to ex:halving . ex:sustainable_investing kgprop:uses ex:esg_criteria . ex:esg_criteria kgprop:includes ex:environmental_factors . ex:esg_criteria kgprop:includes ex:social_factors . ex:esg_criteria kgprop:includes ex:governance_factors . ex:environmental_factors kgprop:includes ex:climate_change . ex:social_factors kgprop:includes ex:labor_practices . ex:governance_factors kgprop:includes ex:board_diversity . ex:sustainable_investing kgprop:implemented_via ex:esg_integration . ex:sustainable_investing kgprop:implemented_via ex:sri_screening . ex:sustainable_investing kgprop:implemented_via ex:impact_investing . ex:sri_screening kgprop:includes_type ex:negative_screening . ex:sri_screening kgprop:includes_type ex:positive_screening . ex:sustainable_investing kgprop:uses_data_from ex:esg_rating_agency . ex:esg_rating_agency kgprop:example_is ex:msci_esg . ex:esg_rating_agency kgprop:example_is ex:sustainalytics . ex:sustainable_investing kgprop:may_use_framework ex:sasb . ex:sustainable_investing kgprop:may_use_framework ex:gri . ex:sustainable_investing kgprop:challenged_by ex:greenwashing . ex:context_window kgprop:measured_in ex:token . ex:token kgprop:produced_by ex:tokenization . ex:context_window kgprop:processed_by ex:attention_mechanism . ex:attention_mechanism kgprop:core_part_of ex:transformer_model . ex:context_window kgprop:limited_by ex:context_length_limit . ex:context_length_limit kgprop:addressed_by ex:sliding_window_attn . ex:context_length_limit kgprop:addressed_by ex:sparse_attention . ex:context_length_limit kgprop:mitigated_by ex:context_retrieval . ex:llm_memory kgprop:includes_type ex:short_term_memory . ex:llm_memory kgprop:includes_type ex:long_term_memory . ex:short_term_memory kgprop:is_equivalent_to ex:context_window . ex:long_term_memory kgprop:encoded_in ex:model_parameters . ex:llm_memory kgprop:augmented_by ex:external_memory . ex:external_memory kgprop:enabled_by ex:rag . ex:rag kgprop:performs ex:information_retrieval . ex:rag kgprop:uses_storage ex:vector_database . ex:rag kgprop:uses_storage ex:knowledge_graph_kg . ex:information_retrieval kgprop:uses ex:embedding . ex:vector_database kgprop:stores ex:embedding . ex:llm_memory kgprop:optimized_by ex:memory_compression . ex:parameter_tuning kgprop:optimizes ex:hyperparameter . ex:hyperparameter kgprop:includes ex:learning_rate . ex:hyperparameter kgprop:includes ex:batch_size . ex:hyperparameter kgprop:includes ex:num_epochs . ex:hyperparameter kgprop:includes_category ex:model_architecture_params . ex:hyperparameter kgprop:includes_category ex:regularization_params . ex:parameter_tuning kgprop:uses_method ex:grid_search . ex:parameter_tuning kgprop:uses_method ex:random_search . ex:parameter_tuning kgprop:uses_method ex:bayesian_optimization . ex:llm_training kgprop:uses_algorithm ex:gradient_descent . ex:gradient_descent kgprop:variant_is ex:adam_optimizer . ex:gradient_descent kgprop:uses_hyperparameter ex:learning_rate . ex:llm_training kgprop:includes_phase ex:pre_training . ex:llm_training kgprop:includes_phase ex:fine_tuning . ex:fine_tuning kgprop:often_involves ex:parameter_tuning .